The first is to diagnose and treat those diseases of the blood and related organs such as bone marrow, lymph nodes and spleen, the main pathologies being anemia, thrombopathies, lymphomas, hemophilia, leukemia. Oncology, meanwhile, is dedicated to the study, diagnosis and treatment of cancers.
Among the most frequent hematological cancers are:
– Lymphomas: that originate in the lymphatic system.
– Leukemia: affects the cells of the bone marrow and the blood.
– Myeloma: cancer of plasma cells, a type of white blood cells.
– Myelodysplastic syndrome: alterations that can occur when the blood-producing cells in the bone marrow become abnormal cells.
Lymphoma is the most frequent blood cancer and the third most cancerous type usual in children. Although the incidence of this disease is increasing, many people are still not aware of its importance and seriousness.
There are more than 35 types of lymphoma. They are divided into two large groups, lymphomas of Hodgkin, discovered by Thomas Hodgkin in 1832, and non-Hodgkin lymphomas which are about 30 different types. Depending on the type of lymphoma, they are affected different types of lymphocytes.
Symptoms of lymphoma are often confused with the symptoms of other Less serious diseases, such as flu or mononucleosis. With a good lymphatic system knowledge the symptoms of lymphoma can be recognized soon and in that way you can have the opportunity of a quick diagnosis, greater effectiveness in treatments and improved survival.
Around one million people around the world live today with a lymphoma. This type of cancer is one of those that is increasing its incidence faster than others. The cause for which it occurs is still unknown.
Non-Hodgkin lymphomas represent the seventh most frequent tumor group in the world. It is estimated that, for every 100,000 inhabitants, there are 7.7 men and 5.2 women. In Spain, in the period of 97-00 the annual incidence of Non Hodgkin lymphoma was about 5,400 new cases a year, ahead of other pathologies tumors, such as cancer of the pancreas, liver, kidney, or ovary. In Hodgkin’s Lymphoma, the average cumulative annual incidence in that period was about 1,400 cases.
Adult Hodgkin’s lymphoma is a type of cancer that occurs in the lymphatic system, which is part of the body’s immune system. The immune system protects the body from foreign substances, infections and diseases.
• Adult Hodgkin lymphoma is a disease in which malignant (cancer) cells form in the lymphatic system.
• There are two main types of Hodgkin’s lymphoma: classic and nodular with lymphocyte predominance.
• Age, sex, and Epstein-Barr virus infection can affect the risk of Hodgkin lymphoma in adults.
• Signs of Hodgkin’s lymphoma in adults include swollen lymph nodes, fever, night sweats, and weight loss.
• To detect (find) and diagnose Hodgkin’s lymphoma in adults, tests are used to examine the lymph nodes.
• Certain factors affect the prognosis (possibility of recovery) and treatment options.
Hodgkin’s lymphoma can occur in both adults and children. Treatment for adults is different from treatment for children. It also manifests in patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS); These patients need special treatment.
Most people with Hodgkin’s lymphoma have the classic type. In this type, there are large abnormal lymphocytes (a type of immune cell) in the lymph nodes that are called Reed-Sternberg cells. Hodgkin’s lymphoma can be cured.
Age, sex, and infection with Epstein-Barr virus can affect the risk of Hodgkin lymphoma in adults.
The treatment will depend on the state of the lymphoma, if the Hodgkin’s lymphoma is in a favorable initial state it can include combination chemotherapy, chemotherapy combined with radiotherapy directed to the parts of the body that have cancer.
If the Hodgkin’s lymphoma is in an unfavorable initial state it may include combination chemotherapy or chemotherapy combined with radiotherapy directed to the parts of the body that have cancer.
The prognosis for people with Hodgkin lymphoma varies according to the extent of the cancer (in general, survival rates are higher for people with cancers in earlier stages). However, many other factors can affect a person’s prognosis (see information below). The prognosis for each person is specific to their circumstances.
The numbers below are from the National Cancer Institute’s SEER data center, which included more than 8,000 people diagnosed with Hodgkin’s lymphoma between 1988 and 2001.
The 5-year survival rate for people with stage I Hodgkin lymphoma is approximately 90%. In stage II, 90% the 5-year survival rate is approximately 90%, in stage III it is approximately 80%. And in stage IV it presents the 5-year survival rate of approximately 65%.
Ask us your case At HC Marbella, our specialized consultant oncologists are leaders in Spain and recognized throughout Europe. They will assess your case and tell you what may be the most appropriate treatment for you. The team works in multidisciplinary committee groups, and its goal is to obtain the best results, in a stress-free, comfortable and modern environment that helps patients feel as comfortable as possible.
Sources:
Spanish Society of Medical Oncology
The American Society of Hematology
National Cancer Institute
American Cancer Society
Association myeloma, lymphoma and leukemia
April 1, 2020
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